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100% Pass Quiz 2025 Authoritative The SecOps Group CNSP: New Certified Network Security Practitioner Exam Notes
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The SecOps Group CNSP Exam Syllabus Topics:
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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q61-Q66):
NEW QUESTION # 61
Where are the password hashes stored in a Microsoft Windows 64-bit system?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Windows stores password hashes in the SAM (Security Account Manager) file, with a consistent location across 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
Why B is correct: The SAM file resides at C:WindowsSystem32configSAM, locked during system operation for security. CNSP notes this for credential extraction risks.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: System64 does not exist; System32 is used even on 64-bit systems.
C: C:System64 is invalid; the path starts with Windows.
D: configSystem32 reverses the correct directory structure.
NEW QUESTION # 62
What is the response from an open UDP port which is not behind a firewall?
Answer: B
Explanation:
UDP's connectionless nature means it lacks inherent acknowledgment mechanisms, affecting its port response behavior.
Why B is correct: An open UDP port does not respond unless an application explicitly sends a reply. Without a firewall or application response, the sender receives no feedback, per CNSP scanning guidelines.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: ICMP Port Unreachable indicates a closed port, not an open one.
C: SYN packets are TCP-specific, not UDP.
D: FIN packets are also TCP-specific.
NEW QUESTION # 63
What types of attacks are phishing, spear phishing, vishing, scareware, and watering hole?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Social engineering exploits human psychology to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information, granting access, or performing actions that compromise security. Unlike technical exploits, it targets the "human factor," often bypassing technical defenses. The listed attacks fit this category:
Phishing: Mass, untargeted emails (e.g., fake bank alerts) trick users into entering credentials on spoofed sites. Uses tactics like urgency or trust (e.g., typosquatting domains).
Spear Phishing: Targeted phishing against specific individuals/organizations (e.g., CEO fraud), leveraging reconnaissance (e.g., LinkedIn data) for credibility.
Vishing (Voice Phishing): Phone-based attacks (e.g., fake tech support calls) extract info via verbal manipulation. Often spoofs caller ID.
Scareware: Fake alerts (e.g., "Your PC is infected!" pop-ups) scare users into installing malware or paying for bogus fixes. Exploits fear and urgency.
Watering Hole: Compromises trusted websites frequented by a target group (e.g., industry forums), infecting visitors via drive-by downloads. Relies on habitual trust.
Technical Details:
Delivery: Email (phishing), VoIP (vishing), web (watering hole/scareware).
Payloads: Credential theft, malware (e.g., trojans), or financial fraud.
Mitigation: User training, email filters (e.g., DMARC), endpoint protection.
Security Implications: Social engineering accounts for ~90% of breaches (e.g., Verizon DBIR 2023), as it exploits unpatchable human error. CNSP likely emphasizes awareness (e.g., phishing simulations) and layered defenses (e.g., MFA).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Probes: Reconnaissance techniques (e.g., port scanning) to identify vulnerabilities, not manipulation-based like these attacks.
B . Insider threats: Malicious actions by authorized users (e.g., data theft by employees), not external human-targeting tactics.
D . Ransomware: A malware type (e.g., WannaCry) that encrypts data for ransom, not a manipulation method-though phishing often delivers it.
Real-World Context: The 2016 DNC hack used spear phishing to steal credentials, showing social engineering's potency.
NEW QUESTION # 64
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is behind a firewall?
Answer: B
Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish connections, as per RFC 793. When a client sends a SYN packet to a port:
Open Port: The server responds with SYN-ACK.
Closed Port (no firewall): The server sends an RST (Reset) packet, often with ACK, to terminate the attempt immediately.
However, when a firewall is present, its configuration dictates the response. Modern firewalls typically operate in stealth mode, using a "drop" rule for closed ports rather than a "reject" rule:
Drop: Silently discards the packet without replying, resulting in no response. The client experiences a timeout (e.g., 30 seconds), as no feedback is provided.
Reject: Sends an RST or ICMP "Port Unreachable," but this is less common for security reasons, as it confirms the firewall's presence.
For a closed TCP port behind a firewall, "no response" (drop) is the standard behavior in secure configurations, minimizing information leakage to attackers. This aligns with CNSP's focus on firewall best practices to obscure network topology during port scanning (e.g., with Nmap).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK is used to close an established TCP connection gracefully (e.g., after data transfer), not to respond to an initial SYN on a closed port.
B . RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK is the host's response to a closed port without a firewall. A firewall's drop rule overrides this by silently discarding the packet.
C . A SYN and an ACK packet: SYN-ACK indicates an open port accepting a connection, the opposite of a closed port scenario.
Real-World Context: Tools like Nmap interpret "no response" as "filtered" (firewall likely present) vs. "closed" (RST received), aiding in firewall detection.
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which command will perform a DNS zone transfer of the domain "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer replicates an entire DNS zone (a collection of DNS records for a domain) from a primary nameserver to a secondary one, typically for redundancy or load balancing. The AXFR (Authoritative Full Zone Transfer) query type, defined in RFC 1035, facilitates this process. The dig (Domain Information Groper) tool, a staple in Linux/Unix environments, is used to query DNS servers. The correct syntax is:
dig @<nameserver> <domain> axfr
Here, dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr instructs dig to request a zone transfer for "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1. The @ symbol specifies the target server, overriding the system's default resolver.
Technical Details:
The AXFR query is sent over TCP (port 53), not UDP, due to the potentially large size of zone data, which exceeds UDP's typical 512-byte limit (pre-EDNS0).
Successful execution requires the nameserver to permit zone transfers from the querying IP, often restricted to trusted secondaries via Access Control Lists (ACLs) for security. If restricted, the server responds with a "REFUSED" error.
Security Implications: Zone transfers expose all DNS records (e.g., A, MX, NS), making them a reconnaissance goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. CNSP likely emphasizes securing DNS servers against unauthorized AXFR requests, using tools like dig to test vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr: "axrfr" is a typographical error. The correct query type is "axfr." Executing this would result in a syntax error or an unrecognized query type response from dig.
B . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr: "afxr" is another typo, not a valid DNS query type per RFC 1035. dig would fail to interpret this, likely outputting an error like "unknown query type." C . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr: "arfxr" is also invalid, a jumbled version of "axfr." It holds no meaning in DNS protocol standards and would fail similarly.
Real-World Context: Penetration testers use dig ... axfr to identify misconfigured DNS servers. For example, dig @ns1.example.com example.com axfr might reveal subdomains or internal IPs if not locked down.
NEW QUESTION # 66
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